Practical Components
Abstract ABSTRACT Language has three dimensions: (1) linear, (2) structural, and (3) experiential. Listening also involves the following components, which evolve out of the realization of the three dimensions: (1) the sonic realization, (2) the segmental/suprasegmental form, (3) the musical pitch and rhythm, (4) the lexical phrasing, (5) the purpose of the message intended by the speaker, and (6) the actualization of the message in the listener. The author discusses the practical aspects of listening comprehension exercises, focusing on sources such as (1) the teacher, (2) other speakers of the target language, (3) recordings of radio broadcasts, music, speeches, etc., (4) films and television programs, and (5) commercially produced language laboratory films.
1 Mike Danaher, Teaching listening skills to JFL students in Australia, The Language Learning Journal, 1996, 13, 1, 42. 2 Yael Margalit Moses, Listening interactively, Computers & Education, 1991, 17, 4, 293. 3 Donald J.
Dummy Components
Grandgenett, Developing Effective Listening Skills in Today's Middle School Student, Middle School Journal, 1990, 22, 1, 17. 4 Richard M. Robin, Betty Lou Leaver, The Listening Comprehension Exercise Network WEN): A Nationally Available Aid to the Development of Listening Proficiency in Russian1, Foreign Language Annals, 1989, 22, 6, 573.
Practical Components
5 Lana Rings, Authentic Language and Authentic Conversational Texts, Foreign Language Annals, 1986, 19, 3, 203. 6 Pamela L. Anderson-Mejias, English for Academic Listening: Teaching the Skills Associated with Listening to Extended Discourse, Foreign Language Annals, 1986, 19, 5, 391.
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